Unit 3 Track 6

[…]

Caitlyn White: Well, let's start off with the big question, the big theme of our episode here, doctor, is it true that exercise helps make people feel better and how does that work?

Dr. Lisa Carchedi: Well, yes, exercise does make us feel better on many levels, for example, chemically, it helps to improve your circulation, it decreases inflammation, and boosts neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, and it also releases endorphins; physically it gives you more energy, it helps with sleep and it can improve your strength, flexibility and endurance; and, then, of course on a personal level, it offers a way to boost your self-esteem, it minimizes stress and it can be a way for social interactions, especially when done with one or more people.

Caitlyn White: So let's talk about the benefits of exercise on mental health, what do we see here?

Dr. Lisa Carchedi: Well, you know, unfortunately, in America, anxiety and depression are quite prevalent, like 19% of Americans suffer with anxiety, over 8% suffer with depression, and, you know, mental and physical health are not distinct from one another. And poor mental health is a risk factor for chronic physical conditions, therefore improving your physical health will inevitably help your mental health as well. So, the cumulative studies have shown that a person doing the minimum amount of recommended exercise has up to 25% lower risk of depression.

Caitlyn White: Well, is it generally during or after that exercise that we reap the benefits?

Dr. Lisa Carchedi: The answer actually is both. So, during an exercise, the immediate benefits you get can be lessened anxiety, an acute feeling of well-being, lower blood pressure, improved concentration, less fatigue, and improved insulin sensitivity. Longer term effect, can be improved cardiorespiratory fitness, greater strength, delayed onset of disease, weight loss, and improved bone health and a decreased risk of falls. Even the minimum amount of recommended weekly exercise, which is 150 minutes per week, will decrease a person's risk of all caused mortality by 30%.

[…]

CAN Exercise Really Make You Feel Better? minuto 0 e 39 até 3 e 0 6$\text{min}0\text{∶}39\text{-}3\text{∶}06$. University of Maryland Medical System, Nov. 14^th, 2023. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/htif1k. Accessed on: Aug. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 3 Track 7

1. Listen to the sentence and complete it with the missing words. Then, discuss the questions with your teacher and classmates.

It is rare to see a swimmer with long hair.

2. Listen to the words below and write the word you hear.

a ) right

b ) hope

c ) head

d ) real

Unit 4 Track 8

[…] Let's start by looking at what a good friendship is. It is a healthy relationship created over time. It's based on trust, caring, and support. What are the characteristics of a true or quality friendship? There's many. Friends enjoy spending time together. Friends are loyal. They are trustworthy. Friends care and are willing to listen. Friends accept us for who we are. And friends are also understanding. […]

FRIENDS - Friendships - What is a quality friendship and why are friendships important? minuto 0 e 20 até 3 e 20$\text{min}0\text{∶}20\text{-}3\text{∶}20$. Career and Life Skills Lessons, July 1^st, 2021. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/qa4nip. Accessed on: Aug. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 4 Track 9

This is a librivox recording. All librivox recording are in public domain. For more information and to find how you can volunteer, please visit https://s.livro.pro/sf9gpi. Recording by Randy Warwick. Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomey, Chapter 36, The Glory and the Dream.

On the morning when the final results of all the examinations were to be posted on the bulletin board at Queen's, Anne and Jane walked down the street together. Jane was smiling and happy; examinations were over and she was comfortably sure she had made a pass at least; further considerations troubled Jane not at all; she had no soaring ambitions and consequently was not affected with the unrest attendant thereon. For we pay a price for everything we get or take in this world; and although ambitions are well worth having, they are not to be cheaply won, but exact their dues of work and self-denial, anxiety and discouragement. Anne was pale and quiet; in ten more minutes she would know who had won the medal and who the Avery. Beyond those ten minutes there did not seem, just then, to be anything worth being called Time.

"Of course you'll win one of them anyhow," said Jane, who couldn't understand how the faculty could be so unfair as to order it otherwise.

"I have not hope of the Avery," said Anne. "Everybody says Emily Clay will win it. And I'm not going to march up to that bulletin board and look at it before everybody. I haven't the moral courage. I'm going straight to the girls' dressing room. You must read the announcements and then come and tell me, Jane. And I implore you in the name of our old friendship to do it as quickly as possible. If I have failed just say so, without trying to break it gently; and whatever you do don't sympathize with me. Promise me this, Jane."

Jane promised solemnly; but, as it happened, there was no necessity for such a promise. When they went up to the entrance steps of Queen's they found the hall full of boys who were carrying Gilbert Blythe around on their shoulders and yelling at the tops of their voices, "Hurrah for Blythe, Medalist!"

For a moment Anne felt one sickening pang of defeat and disappointment. So she had failed and Gilbert had won! Well, Matthew would be sorry - he had been so sure she would win.

And then!

Somebody called out:

"Three cheers for Miss Shirley, winner of the Avery!"

"Oh, Anne," gasped Jane, as they fled to the girls' dressing room amid hearty cheers. "Oh, Anne I'm so proud! Isn't it splendid?"

And then the girls were around them and Anne was the center of a laughing, congratulating group. Her shoulders were thumped and her hands were shaken vigorously. She was pushed and pulled and hugged and among it all she managed to whisper to Jane:

"Oh, won't Matthew and Marilla be pleased! I must write the news home right away."

Commencement was the next important happening. The exercises were held in the big assembly hall of the Academy. Addresses were given, essays read, songs sung, the public award of diplomas, prizes and medals made.

Matthew and Marilla were there, with eyes and ears for only one student on the platform - a tall girl in pale green, with faintly flushed cheeks and starry eyes, who read the best essay and was pointed out and whispered about as the Avery winner.

[…]

THE GLORY and the Dream of Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Maud Montgomery. minuto 0 e 0 0 até 3 e 20$\text{min}0\text{∶}00\text{-}3\text{∶}20$. Audrey Wu. Disponível em: https://s.livro.pro/bdfju9. Acesso em: 18 out. 2024.

Unit 5 Track 10

[…] The Aztec diet incorporated many foods, but it revolved principally around the consumption of maize, or what is today known as corn. One well-known example of how maize was incorporated into the Aztec diet is in the, now world famous, tortilla. The tortillas they made back then were as diverse in size, shape and function as they are now. And everyone in the Aztec empire, regardless of social class, consumed them. The flour used by Aztecs to make tortillas came from corn that went through a process called nixtamalization. The kernels were boiled in water and ashes from Juniper wood. They were then soaked overnight until the hard outer part of each kernel had detached. The remaining corn was then ground into flour. The Florentine Codex goes in a fair amount of detail about the many tortilla options available to food shoppers in Tenochtitlan. According to the Codex, the food seller sells folded tortillas, thick tortillas and coarse tortillas. He sells tortillas with turkey eggs, tortillas made with honey, pressed ones, love shape tortillas, plain tortillas, assorted ones, braised ones, sweet tortillas, amaranth seed tortillas, squash tortillas, green maize tortillas, brick shape tortillas, tuna cactus tortillas, broken crumbled old tortillas, cold tortillas, toasted ones, dried tortillas, and stinking tortillas. It's an appetizing sounding menu, except for maybe the stinking tortillas, depends on what they stink of, makes a difference […]

WHAT Aztecs Were Eating Before European Contact. minuto 1 e 55 até 3 e 22$\text{min}1\text{∶}55\text{-}3\text{∶}22$. Weird History, Jan. 31^th, 2021. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/o06feo. Accessed on: Aug. 14^th, 2024.

Unit 5 Track 11

[…] So the first thing you'll notice when you start eating healthier foods is you'll want healthier foods in the future, believe it or not, but the more you eat them, the more you'll want them later, and the more your body will get used to them. So you kind of have to just get over that hump and then your body will keep asking for you to be healthy. Next, and this is my favorite one, you're gonna feel better. Pay attention to how you feel after you have a big heavy meal or fast food, you probably don't feel so good, but if you've eaten a lighter meal, that still tastes good, but that doesn't have so many calories or fat or salt, your body will actually feel better, especially if you've made that food at home. Pay attention to your body, it'll tell you how you feel after you eat and, if you pay attention, you'll notice that healthier food makes you feel better. […]

WHAT Happens When You Start Eating Healthy? minuto 1 e 28 até 2 e 16$\text{min}1\text{∶}28\text{-}2\text{∶}16$. The Cooking Doc, May 20^th, 2023. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/qk72q5. Accessed on: Aug. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 6 Track 12

1. Listen to the following sentences and repeat.

a ) I listened to a great song by Paul McCartney yesterday. I loved it.

b ) My parents watched a live performance of Queen when they were young. They liked it very much.

c ) Sam needed some company to go to the show, so he invited me to come along.

2. Listen and notice how the verbs are pronounced.

a ) listened • loved

b ) watched • liked

c ) needed • invited

3. Listen to the verbs below and, in your notebook, classify them according to their final sound.

closed • cooked • crashed • decided • defended • jumped • kissed • opened • played • started • traveled • waited

Unit 6 Track 13

Released in the UK, on January the 28^th 2008, and in the US six months later, Adele's first album, 19, was a noticeable début by any standards. As of September 2011, the album had been certified four-times platinum, and had accumulated worldwide sales of over four million copies. Adele's "oak-aged voice and Botticelli face" alone would have been enough to make 19 worthy of a listen. But add in the full-fat soulful integrity of her songs, laced with generous slugs of jazz, pop, funk and folk to vary the vibe, and 19 became an album coveted enough to go straight in at number one in the UK album charts, and find its way onto the playlists of thousands.

Remarkable too, was the tender age of the woman who had written and recorded it, a fact to which the album's simple title bore testimony. It felt like a clever bit of minimalist marketing, but Adele hadn't attributed much significance to the title, having decided to call it 19 because she couldn't come up with anything else. Even so, its straightforwardness chimed with that of some of her own favorite album titles. "The best ones for me are Debut by Bjork, and Lauryn Hills' Miseducation. They're ones that everyone just knows, that don't make you think too much, and are just quite obvious."

And, however hastily conceived, the title instinctively felt right. "To me this album does very much represent my age", she told Blues & Soul in a revealing interview in the summer of 2008, after she had hit the ripe old age of 20. "I was only 19 years old when I was writing it, and I just kind of remember becoming a bit of woman during that time, and I think that is definitely documented in the songs. So, while some people think I was trying to use my age as like a selling point, I really wasn't at all… When I was signed at 18, I only had three songs to my name. But yet, literally, within a month of turning 19, a load more just suddenly came out of me.".

Those songs came out of her because she split up with her first "proper" boyfriend, or "rotter number one" as a Vogue interview quaintly dubbed him later. The pain of the break-up provided an instant catalyst for the songs she had been trying to write for months.

SANDERSON, Caroline. Someone Like Adele. minuto 32 e 22 até 34 e 40$\text{min}32\text{∶}22\text{-}34\text{∶}40$. Talking Music, 2014.

Unit 6 Track 14

[…]

Mesfin Fekadu: Thanks Ivon. I'm Mesfin Fekadu and this is Off Script with the Hollywood Reporter song writers Round Table. How are you guys doing?

All: Good.

Mesfin Fekadu: Thank you. I'm so excited that you all could be here. Such talented group of people, I know some of you know each other, some are probably just meeting today.

All: Yeh.

Mesfin Fekadu: Perfect. Well, I wanted to ask uh, as songwriters, do you remember the first song or lyric you wrote. I don't know how old you were, but want to hear some of that backstory. How about you Cynthia.

Cynthia Erivo: Yeah. I was 16, and I wrote a song called "maybe". I think it was given to, like a South African girl group or something.

Olívia Rodrigo: I mean I guess the first song that I wrote like on piano proper hum, I was probably 14 or 15 and I wrote this feminist anthem called Superman, about how I didn't need Superman to come and save me. Yeah, start em young so...

Mesfin Fekadu: On the right track.

Dua Lipa: Gosh, I mean, when I think about mine it was completely different. I was always like making up songs when I was really little and when I was about 4 or 5 years old, I made up the song. Albanian was my first language and so I sang in Albanian and it was a song that I'd made for my mom, and I'd walk around the house and I'd be like "When I grow up, can I borrow your shoes, and when I grow up, can I wear your dress, and when I grow up like can I be just like you". And it actually just, like, stuck around, it's kind of the one thing that like at home we just always remind ourselves of this, yeah, so.

Mesfin Fekadu: I love that, it's adorable. How about you John.

John: Oh! Well, I was doing a lot of music instrumentally for many years, and I started writing lyrics for a Shakespeare Play, that wanted songs in the play. I was probably about, uh, 21, and I started writing it, and I was like, man, characters and worlds and the expression of all these interconnected relationships, and how I can make all these sounds come together. That was the end of it. I love that stuff.

Billie Eilish: Yeah, I'm trying to think... I think that like what comes to mind is probably when I was like 8 or something and it was, like, it was like "I'm going down, down, down into the black hole, sweeping up your soul". And I was like [sing] today. I was just like I was like it's tight

Mesfin Fekadu: Were you going through something at the time as an 8-year-old?

Billie Eilish: No. Listen I was writing stories, man. I feel like the first song that I wrote was probably when I was like hum 11 (ish), or no, now that I think about it, I think I was, okay, I was 6, and it was me and my friend. We were playing Ukulele and it was a song about ukeleles, I don't know. Whatever.

FULL Songwriters Roundtable: Billie Eilish, Olivia Rodrigo, Dua Lipa, Cynthia Erivo & More. minuto 1 e 41 até 4 e 41$\text{min}1\text{∶}41\text{-}4\text{∶}41$. The Hollywood Reporter, Jan. 1^st, 2024. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/n7eb3k. Accessed on: Aug. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 7 Track 15

[…] Next is one of my all-time favorite hobbies. I'm probably gonna include this in like every cozy hobby list for every season. Although I don't think I did it for summer but it's perfect for summer too, coloring book, coloring in general, coloring coloring, coloring... I love coloring as a hobby. It is such a good way to just unwind, turn your brain off to really be mindful and present in what you're doing. And also be able to like take in some other forms of media if you want to, like I often color while I'm listening to an audiobook, while I'm listening to a podcast, kind of multitask in your hobbies, but also, if you don't wanna do any of that and you really do just wanna practice kind of mindfulness calm yourself down, unwind coloring is such a good tool for that. Back when I was very, very anxious, because of the job I was working, it was one of my go tos, like nightly, I would whip out my coloring book and would instantly make me feel so much better. It would instantly make me feel so much more present and I could kind of pass through in my head what really was stressing me out and what was valid versus the things that I was kind of catastrophizing. Right. Just such a good way I just I am such a huge advocate for coloring as a means to ground you in terms of mental health, but then also just it's a really fun hobby even if you're not dealing with any kind of anxiety or you don't need to be grounded in any way. Like I said you can just do it with a bunch of other activities and it's so fun, and then you have like a pretty little picture to look at after. […]

15 Fall Hobbies & Activities. minuto 5 e 30 até 6 e 46$\text{min}5\text{∶}30\text{-}6\text{∶}46$. Cozy K, Sept. 7^th, 2023. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/pz2by2. Accessed on: Aug. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 7 Track 16

Read a book. Finally, tip number 17 is to read instead of watching TV, and investment and knowledge pays the best interest. And reading does a couple of things beyond actually the information in the books. It improves your writing ability, it improves your critical thinking ability, it improves your focus and it improves your communication skills. My habit right now is I read for about 30 minutes to one hour before I go to bed every night, usually at around seven o'clock. I also spend at least one long morning, usually on the weekends, hopefully outside in nature, just reading a lot. And I'm always reading one non-fiction book and one fiction book. Usually I read the fiction book before I go to bed to kind of calm my brain down a little bit and then one non-fiction book either on those early mornings or in the first part of my nighttime reading. But if a book bores me or I really don't like it, I just stop reading it. Life's too short. And my reading rate in the past couple of years has improved dramatically to about, I used to read about one book a year, but now I read about probably one book every three weeks, which is for me is pretty good. I also have a list on my website with my favorite books I've ever read that you can check out. However, I think there are a couple of great lists on the internet with the a hundred best books to read all time and those kind of things and I'll think those down below. But the most important thing is just start a reading habit, read whatever you're interested in and that's the way I kind of ramped up my reading. I started reading fun books that I really liked to read, like I read the "Red Rising" series, the "Mistborn" trilogy, which is awesome, the "Harry Potter" books, all those are great ways to kind of get your reading habits started and then you can start to introduce more non-fiction books, more like learning kind of books. But I always have a fun fiction book going on in the background 'cause I wanna do this for fun still as well as learning a little bit more about life, and history and all that, blablabla stuff.

17 Productive Things to do with your Free Time. minuto 18 e 20 até 19 e 50$\text{min}18\text{∶}20\text{-}19\text{∶}50$. Zach Highley. Oct. 21^th, 2022. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/8aq7zj. Accessed on: Aug. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 8 Track 17

Right, well, let's get become concrete. About 45 years ago, uh, I was given the opportunity to put together all of the work that I had done, and research done by hundreds of scholars all over the world, about the intellect. And, uh, and the result of this five years of work, I wrote a 400-page book called Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. And in that book, I tried to describe what led me to the conclusion that the human mind is better explained in terms of our having a number of relatively independent computers in our skull, rather than having a single one. And this relates to intelligence, because if you think intelligence is a singular thing, that if a person is smart, he or she will be smart in everything. If they're average, he or she would be average in everything. And if they don't do well in whatever measurements you have, then there'll be dumb in everything. That doesn't make much, uh, common sense because we all know people who are good in some things, average in others, and not good in third things. But what I did was pull together information from biology, genetics, brain science, anthropology, psychology, sociology, history, and, uh, wrote this 400-page book.

WHAT is the complexity in simplicity? minuto 2 e 57 até 4 e 28$\text{min}2\text{∶}57\text{-}4\text{∶}28$. Pulled up short, Nov. 1^st, 2021. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/3zp36x. Accessed on: Aug. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 8 Track 18

[…] Hi everybody, it's Rob here with, here's an idea worth playing with. Now I'm, at Avington Park, Avington Hall, it's sometimes called in Winchester. I'm, in nature. You might hear some swans and some ducks. You may even hear the birds chattering and you may even hear my teeth chattering too because it is absolutely freezing. I don't really describe myself I guess as being academically intelligent. You know, that classic rational mathematical academic kind of intelligence that we hold so dear in schools and the education system, but also in our workplaces. You know, we have these sort of arbitrary interviews and assessments that test our rational ability to solve problems. The challenge with that is that that's not the only kind of intelligence, and I can't help but wonder that actually if, we embrace the 8 different types of intelligence, we'd build a much more diverse workforce. And we'd be able to solve many more problems, and we'd be able to use people's natural intelligence rather than trying to shoehorn everybody into a sort of classical mathematical intelligence. […]

THE 8 different types of intelligence. minuto 0 e 0 0 até 1 e 14$\text{min}0\text{∶}00\text{-}1\text{∶}14$. Cultivated Management, Jun. 24^th, 2024. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/nxonbo. Accessed on: Aug. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 9 Track 19

[…] Today, we are diving into time, and how humans developed technologies to measure it. Let's start with celestial bodies. Early civilizations like the Egyptians used the moon's phases to determine the length of a month. In prehistoric Europe, humans built stone rings called recumbent stone circles that would frame and track the moon in each of its phases. It's believed they were built for ritualistic purposes. Then we have the creation of the sundial, a device that shows the time using the sun's , depending on its position in the sky. The earliest archeological evidence of a sundial was found in the Valley of Kings in Upper Egypt in 2013 and it dates back to 1500 BCE. A larger version of the sundial is the obelisk, which was used to mark the summer and winter solstices. […]

A brief history of timekeeping, how humans began telling time. minuto 1 e 14 até 2 e 0 3$\text{min}1\text{∶}14\text{-}2\text{∶}03$. Explore Mode, Sept. 26^th, 2019. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/y1qwt1. Accessed on: Aug. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 9 Track 20

[…] Good morning! Lucy Bell with you on Focus this week. Today we're talking about the value you place on your face, and who can record, track and access its image. Without much fanfare, three CCTV cameras with facial recognition technology were switched on for a twelve month trial in east Perth earlier this year. The trial is being managed by Perth city council, which is currently the subject of a public inquiry, and being run by government appointed commissioners. Western Australia is the only state without overarching legislation around privacy and data sharing in the public sector, and the government is gearing up to fix that. There's currently a discussion paper on privacy and responsible information sharing online, but a spokesperson for attorney general John Quickly says that facial recognition technology is not part of the government's proposed changes to our laws. My question to you today is: how do you feel about being watched, having your face scanned and potentially stored in a database? […]

Facial recognition technology is being trialled in Perth: should you be worried? minuto 0 e 0 5 até 1 e 14$\text{min}0\text{∶}05\text{-}1\text{∶}14$. Focus, Sept. 23^th, 2019. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/yg6rpj. Accessed on: Aug. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 9 Track 21

1. Listen and repeat.

I have lost my computer chip that was not cheap.

2. Listen, repeat and observe the pronunciation of the words.

chip • cheap

3. Now, listen to the sentences and write down in your notebook the words you hear.

a ) I bought the nicest and most modern running shoes for my dad, but they don't fit on his feet.

b ) This modern car has a great seat for driver and passengers to sit comfortably during the drive.

Unit 10 Track 22

Phillips: The sound system is really the first things we learn about our languages, right? So the rise and fall and intonation and pitch and those kinds of things, as well as the actual speech sounds of our language - those are literally some of the first things that we learn in our infancy.

Emily Kwong: Which is why adults struggle to produce the speech sounds of another language. But when it comes to pronunciation and accents, Sarah kind of pushed back on my questions, asking me, who do you imagine as a perfectly native speaker anyway? Is it fair to compare yourself to that person?

Phillips: I'm willing to bet that your lived experiences are going to be dynamically different from the person who you envision as your native speaker. And so you might not ever actually become native, like, in your pronunciation. But I don't think that that should be something that people stress over. And the reason being is that the way that we use language fits our identity.

Emily Kwong: So I can let go of the idea of sounding just like my grandparents, who grew up in Beijing...

Sofia: Right.

Emily Kwong: ...Because it's here in the U.S., among my extended family and other Chinese Americans, that I long to be understood.

Phillips: Are you saying it well enough to be understood? That should be, really, the threshold upon which you want to cross.

Sofia: Oh, my gosh. I love that. That's so comforting. Like, this is like language therapy right now - like learning a new language therapy - because everybody worries about that, pronunciation, when they're trying to speak in a different language, right?

Emily Kwong: Yeah, it took the pressure off enormously.

Sofia: Right.

'I'M Willing To Fight For It': Learning A Second Language As An Adult. minuto 11 e 57 até 13 e 38$\text{min}11\text{∶}57\text{-}13\text{∶}38$. Short wave. June 16^th, 2021. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/anf79t. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 10 Track 23

Laura: Oh, hi, yeah. I'm Laura, I'm from Barcelona, originally. I've been living in Germany for ten years roughly. And I absolutely love languages, but I also, you know, love learning them like you said in a relaxed way, like we don't have to be perfectionist, we can have fun with it and, you know, also I don't like competitiveness so much, I prefer to just, you know, do your thing, right? Do what feels right for you and just have fun with it. Yeah.

Marjolein: Great. But the interesting thing is that even though, or maybe because of that approach and that mindset, you're able to speak several languages, so it's not like, okay, we're either relax and don't speak any languages or a perfectionist and speak all of them. So that's really interesting that we can definitely achieve that. Hum, now, I have a really important question, which is a lot of people think that they don't have the language gene, okay? They don't have the language gift, and that's probably because it didn't work out for them at school, with languages, because there were a lot of language, like wordlists or literature, and stuff like that, or they were traumatized from, they had to do well an exam or whatever. So even I was actually good at languages at school, but I didn't know how to speak, so I still felt like I learned nothing. So my question is: do you think it's possible for people to get good at languages, to get fluent at foreign languages studying by themselves, even if they weren't good at them at school?

Laura: Hum. I do think it's possible, for instance, I don't do if you know him, there's this guy who teaches Italian, Alberto, from Italiano Automatico. I was very much inspired by him, and he actually talks about the fact that he was terrible at school, in English, so he couldn't even communicate. And I think the problem is that we take a method at school and we say, like we unconsciously think this is the only way to learn languages, and if I didn't learn them through this method, I am not good at them, and I will never learn them. And you could apply this to any subject, really. Like I had a really great math teacher and I was good at math, but then when we changed teacher I was bad at it at once, you know, so the teacher can influence, the method can influence. So just because you didn't learn it in that moment of time, you know, you were maybe also, I don't know, you were a teenager, you had other priorities, and maybe the method wasn't the best. Yeah. So I don't think you should take that failure and say I'm not good at languages, I'm never going learn them.

10 Struggling to learn languages? Try these strategies to see results! Chat with Laura from @CoughtPolyglot. minuto 0 e 56 até 3 e 37$\text{min}0\text{∶}56\text{-}3\text{∶}37$. Polyglot insights, July 2022. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/gjsf71. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 11 Track 24

Host: […] Okay, Emily, so you have been rescuing dogs for years and years and years now. And, you and I both know it's hard work, it's endless work. There are always dogs coming up from Texas. Why do you keep doing it?

Emily: It is hard, but it's also beautiful. There is... you know it's one of those yin-yang things of like, it's hard work, but it's great for the dogs; you see the dog who was underweight and had heartworm and limping and about to be euthanized in a pound and then 6 months later it is running through the mountains of Colorado, with this new dog sibling and you know you've created a human bond where you know that dog is the most important thing or one of the most important things in this adopter's life. So creating families and we're saving lives. So that is the outcome that keeps us going, I think, you know there's a lot of work in between tagging the dog in Texas to get to that part and a lot of sleepless nights and stress but in the end when you know, you know like we saved that dog's life and now that dog has just an incredible life, I think that's worth it. […]

Rescue is just the beginning. minuto 25 e 53 até 27 e 22$\text{min}25\text{∶}53\text{-}27\text{∶}22$. Pod to the Rescue, Dec. 8^th, 2023. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/nqbunm. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 11 Track 25

Noah: What do you think people need to learn about climate change? Many people have heard of the climate warming up, some people have a small understanding of what it means, but what do you think is lacking in the understanding of this issue?

Greta: I think pretty much everything because, I mean, we know that something is wrong, that the planet is warming because of increased greenhouse gas emissions, and that might lead to that the ice caps will melt, and the global temperature will rise, and there will be more extreme weather events and so on. But they, they don't understand how severe this crisis actually is, and it is because they have not been informed. Um, I mean, we are right now in the beginning of the sixth max – mass extinction, and uh, people don't know these things. Up to 200 species go extinct every single day, and uh, people don't even know that we have for a 67% chance of limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees, we had on January 1st, 2018, 420 gigatons of carbon dioxide left to emit to stay within that target, and now we're already down to less than 360. If we continue at the same emission level as now, we have less than eight and half years until that budget is gone according to the IPCC from the SR15 report. And that is for a 67 % chance.

GRETA Thunberg - Inspiring Others to Take a Stand Against Climate Change. minuto 3 e 13 até 4 e 57$\text{min}3\text{∶}13\text{-}4\text{∶}57$. The Daily Show, Sept. 14^th, 2019. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/at8lhq. Accessed on: July 2020.

Unit 12 Track 26

Speaker 1: The Amazon is huge, it's twice the size of India and stretches across eight countries, but most of it is in Brazil so that's where we're focusing in on.

Speaker 2: Manuela Andreoni is a rainforest investigations fellow at the Pulitzer Center. She covers the Amazon for the New York Times.

Speaker 3: The Amazon has roughly like 20 million people, so that's like 10% of the Brazilian population. Most Brazilian people live in urban areas in the southeastern region, so the Amazon is like a far away image for most Brazilians. And even like rich Brazilians who have the ability to travel, I mean in my experience people talk more about going to New York you know when they have the money that going to see the Amazon because while there is tourism there it's hard to get there.

Speaker 2: Easier to get to New York from say Sao Paulo than it is to get to the Amazon?

Speaker 3: To some areas for sure because you take a plane, you'll take I think five hours to go to Manaus, for example which is the biggest city and then you what take a boat and be hours on a boat or days on a boat, depending on where you're going. Or take like a single engine plane and good luck to you.

WHY are we failing to protect the Amazon rainforest? minuto 2 e 32 até 3 e 48$\text{min}2\text{∶}32\text{-}3\text{∶}48$. BBC World Service, June 26^th, 2022. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/v6p69p. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 12 Track 27

[…] We must defuse this ticking time bomb and that has been my mission ever since I founded the ocean cleanup four years ago. A lot has happened in those four years. It all began with one simple idea: instead of going after the plastic, we let the plastic come to us, saving time, energy and cost by using the natural ocean currents to our advantage we can let the ocean clean itself. I envisioned a network of extremely long floating screens which would first concentrate the plastic, so that we could then extract it, store it, before we could then ship it to land for recycling. And since the idea was to use a closed screen, instead of nets, we could avoid the bycatch of sea life and we then showed that with a single one-hundred kilometer stream we will be able to clean up about 42% of this Great Pacific Garbage Patch in just ten years' time. […]

HOW we will rid the oceans of plastic. minuto 5 e 17 até 6 dividido por 33$\text{min}5\text{∶}17\text{-}6\text{∶}33$. The Ocean Cleanup, May 10^th, 2017. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/mk2oie. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 12 Track 28

1. Listen and repeat the following words.

predict • planet • it • important • attempt • environment • difficult • implement • what • want • contribute

2. Now, listen to these same words in the text.

Some scientists predict many problems for our planet in the near future. They say it is important to attempt to preserve the environment or we'll suffer severe and difficult consequences. The future life on Earth depends on the actions we implement now. What do you want to do to contribute to a better future?

3. Listen and repeat the following words.

research • which • beach • watch • teach • reach

4. Listen to these same words in the text.

I think everyone must do some research on actions which can help the world. For example, we can volunteer to clean the beach, we can give and watch lectures about climate change and we can teach kids to take care of planet Earth. If we work together, we'll reach our goal: save our one and only home, our planet.

Unit 13 Track 29

Reduce, reuse and recycle.

Well, everybody knows about Greenpeace. Not so many people know about the story of Pollution Probe. An interview with Ryan O'Connor about Pollution Probe and the history of environmental activism in Ontario. I'm Sean Kheraj and you're listening to episode 47 of Nature's Past, a podcast of the network in Canadian history and environment. Environmental activism has a long history in Canada. Like others around the world, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Canadians became involved in a number of environmental non-governmental organizations or ENGOs. Picking up on a prevailing spirit of protest during the era, several environmental problems surfaced as popular political issues: air pollution, water pollution, solid waste disposal, among many others. Out of this came one of the first ENGOs in Canadian history, Pollution Probe. Born at the University of Toronto in 1969, the nascent group focused its efforts on new concerns regarding air pollution in Canada. It would go on to become one of the most influential environmental groups in Ontario and even shape a national environmental movement across the country. [...]

NEW Episode of Canadian Environmental History Podcast: Pollution Probe and the History of Environmental Activism in Ontario. minuto 0 e 0 1 até 1 e 22$\text{min}0\text{∶}01\text{-}1\text{∶}22$. H-Canada, Apr. 27^th, 2015. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/osaywu. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 13 Track 30

[...] but first, what exactly is an NGO? Broadly speaking an NGO is a not-for-profit organization that operates independently from the government in order to promote a social political, environmental or humanitarian cause. Now you might be wondering isn't that the same thing as a non-profit, and honestly it's a little hard to say. There are some differences from the legal side and there are certainly non-profits that aren't so much promoting a cause as they are providing an important service that society needs […]

ARE Environmental NGOs Living up to Their Full Potential? minuto 4 e 34 até 5 e 0 5$\text{min}4\text{∶}34\text{-}5\text{∶}05$. The Sweaty Penguin: Antarctica's Hottest Podcast, Mar. 24^th, 2022. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/03eaxx. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 14 Track 31

[...] My name is Dr Richard Feijo, I'm a Larrakia man from Darwin. I was actually born with a withered right arm. When I was born with one arm, from the second I was born I was fighting to exist because the doctors wanted to take me away and place me in a different home. They said if because of this child has one arm, he needs special care and we can place him with another family who can take better care of him. But because mum was a stolen generation, mum said no, mum would not let me out of her sight at all, at any time, and so I was taken home and I was very fortunate to grow up in a loving very supportive family. Coming back when I was 8-year-old and I saw this place for the first time, I saw the conditions of my mum's people. I saw the health of my mum's people, I saw the poverty and despair, you know, and there's a helplessness that comes with that it tears you in half and I think that actually motivated her entire family so I'm, now I'm the fifth doctor in my family and I've dedicated my life to improving Health outcomes for Aboriginal people across the Northern Territory and across Australia […]

LARRAKIA man Dr Richard Fejo discusses his inspiring life story. minuto 0 e 35 até 1 e 49$\text{min}0\text{∶}35\text{-}1\text{∶}49$. ABC News. July 12^th, 2023. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/853aud. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 14 Track 32

[…]

KK: What was it like to adjust to living here? I can imagine that the climate is very different.

LW: So, when actually one of my, when I first was first living here, and I told a man on the Royal Mile that we'd moved from the Caribbean, he was like "Are you on the run from Interpol? Like why would you leave the Caribbean and come to Scotland? Are you crazy? He said the weather, you're not going to be able to deal with it. I said I'll be fine. Absolutely fine. And then it got to February. The first February was fine. The first February was a novelty. Yes, we were cold. Yes, it took two years to adjust to the climate. And then my poor son was probably wearing hats and scarves and full shoes and a whole uniform. And it took him, for the first time, and it probably took him about an hour to get dressed in the morning age of eight because of grappling with mittens and things he'd never seen before. Erm, and asking me, "Mommy, why am I going to school in the middle of the night", because I'd brought him here in, in December, and it's pitch black, he's having to walk to school in the dark with all of this uncomfortable clothing. So it took a little while to adjust and for me to readjust as opposed to those things being back in the UK. And also adjusting to…. Caribbean people are quite friendly, quite boisterous, quite loud and very used to like I said, greeting people in the street or walking into a room of people even if you don't know them. So you might walk into a doctor's office and you walk in "Good morning" and everyone replies "Good morning". So sometimes I'd be addressing people in maybe groups that I was teaching or going into a school and saying good morning and not getting that response, and I would sometimes make it into a bit of a joke, saying in the Caribbean, people reply and they answer, but that's just not the culture here. So it's getting used to those things. The other thing is getting used to as well is a certain level of politeness in Edinburgh society. […]

BLACK Scottish History with Lisa Williams. minuto 10 e 27 até 12 e 23$\text{min}10\text{∶}27\text{-}12\text{∶}23$. Wild for Scotland, Apr. 2022. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/7e7rb9. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 15 Track 33

[…]

STEIDL: […] I decided to give comedy writing a try at the beginning of the pandemic. It was a fun first step towards reinventing myself. I'm channeling Betty White and trying to learn comedy writing. I've renewed my AARP membership, signed up for Medicare. So what's next? Time to return to college. I guess that makes me a boomerang. Anyhow, the first day of class, I walked in with my flip phone, sharpened pencils, spiral notebooks. I felt like an 18-year-old again. I figured I'd fit right in.

STEIDL: Something came up in class. They wanted to know about something that happened in 1976. Everyone looks at me. And I'm like, why are you looking at me? Why do they think I have the answer? […]

A 65-year-old college student shares wisdom on reinventing oneself. minuto 1 e 0 5 até 1 e 56$\text{min}1\text{∶}05\text{-}1\text{∶}56$. Student Podcast Challenge, Jan. 1^st, 2023. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/fy8qke. Accessed on: Aug. 14^th, 2024.

Unit 15 Track 34

Ok, so I'm gonna start with one, this is from Brie. She says, "I've been a consultant a little over 2 years from a small town in East Central Illinois. I've identified with fear my entire life. I can remember at a young age being too fearful to ride my bike, so I didn't learn until I was in third grade, being too fearful of riding a rollercoaster, too fearful to talk to the popular kids in school. I always told myself I was never good enough. I wasn't pretty enough, I wasn't athletic, I wasn't smart. If I had to rate my self-worth on a scale from 1 to 10, it would probably be a 2. I let the fear of what others thought about me drive the majority of my life. I think a lot of people probably relate with that. I'm positive, that's not what she said, that's what I'm saying. […]".

OVERCOMING Fear. Stories we have heard from World Tour. minuto 3 e 0 7 até 5 e 50$\text{min}3\text{∶}07\text{-}5\text{∶}50$. Scentsy Stories Podcast, Mar. 10^th, 2020. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/uo5p3c. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 15 Track 35

1. Listen to the sentences and repeat.

a ) I'm sure she wishes to live new experiences in her life.

b ) Chuck's teacher has five children.

c ) Sharon dreams of shore fishing with a rod.

d ) I've never eaten cherries or cheese for lunch.

Unit 16 Track 36

Marilyn Wilkes: I'm Marilyn Jackson, your host and our guest is David Jackson, a professor of Portuguese at Yale University. His research interests include Portuguese and Brazilian literature's Camões, Machado de Assis, Fernando Pessoa – a modernist, vanguardist, and into art literature, Portuguese culture in Asia and ethnomusicology. Today we'll talk with the professor Jackson about his new book entitled "Machado de Assis a literary life". Welcome professor Jackson,

David Jackson: Thank you very much.

Marilyn Wilkes: Well, let's start by having you tell us who this man was, who is Machado?

David Jackson: Machado de Assis is Brazil's greatest writer and all of Latin America's greatest writer in the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. He had a very long literary life, a formative period of some 25 years, where he wrote, uh journalism, translated plays, he was very active in Rio de Janeiro, and in the last 30 years, where he produced the novels and the short stories for which he's most known. He was a man of letters and ever since he wrote in practically every genre: novel, short story, play, journalism. He did translations of Victor Hugo, of Shakespeare and he became the preeminent man of letters of his time in Brazil. And his novels that are considered now some of the greatest novels of the end of the 19th century.

Marilyn Wilkes: Okay… tell us about your book and what your goal was in writing it.

David Jackson: So, the goal of my book was to promote Machado and present Machado as a great writer of his time.

DAVID Jackson. "Machado de Assis: a literary life". minuto 0 e 17 até 2 e 0 5$\text{min}0\text{∶}17\text{-}2\text{∶}05$. Yale University, Apr. 29^th, 2015. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/ejzao9. Accesssed on: Sept. 25^th 2024.

Unit 16 Track 37

[…]

PK: So, as you said in your intro to the report, misinformation isn't really a new phenomenon. You wrote "Myths, conspiracy theories, and deliberate deceit are probably as old as human communication itself," yet misinformation, as you say, has become a defining issue of our time. So how did things get so bad?

AH: It's not new, but something has changed. In 2016, Webster Dictionary made post-truth the word of the year. Just last year, Webster Dictionary made gaslighting the word of the year. Something is afoot. So what's happened? The first factor I think is the rise of social media and individual messaging platforms as a major way in which people get their information. A recent survey suggested that about 90% of Canadians during COVID got their information from social media or messaging apps. And what that means is that they are exposed to vast amounts of information, but also vast amounts of misinformation and almost entirely without mediation, without guard posts, without signposts, without people helping to guide through what's true and what's not true. It also, as you said, creates incentives to create bubbles of self-affirming information. The algorithms and incentives built into social media platforms make conflict, clash, and misinformation much more popular and fast spreading.

Add to that the second big factor, which is decades of declining trust in public institutions and government, but also in the media and in universities and private institutions as well. There's just a declining trust in one another, a declining social trust as well as a declining political trust. Research shows that people haven't really lost trust in the concept of science. What they've lost trust in is the institutions they used to rely on to get scientific information. So they don't believe government the way they used to. They don't believe public agencies the way they used to. They don't even believe universities the way they used to. And media people will tell you they don't believe mainstream media the way they used to.

So each of them finds their own sources often, again, part of these self-confirming bubbles, so unmediated and untrusted. Now you add to that that we live in an age of layered and multiple crises. We have crises of democracy, pandemic crises, democratic crises, crises of breakdown in the social fabric and in times of crisis, people want a degree of certainty that science and scientific knowledge doesn't provide or doesn't provide quickly enough and certainty is hard to come by, but they want certainty and they often want somebody to blame. And that makes us really ripe for conspiracy theories and really ripe for misinformation. You'll put those three factors together, you have a perfect storm.

[…]

TRUST and truth: Navigating the age of misinformation. minuto 3 e 57 até 7 e 0 8$\text{min}3\text{∶}57\text{-}7\text{∶}08$. Info Matters, May 17^th, 2023. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/nnpneo. Accessed on: Aug. 14^th, 2024.

Unit 17 Track 38

[...]

Ellie Cawthorne: So how did he go from this layabout nobleman at Cambridge to transform himself into one of the era's most influential literary figures? What was his first hit as it were?

Corin Throsby: Well, he was I mean he wasn't doing nothing, he wasn't exactly laying about in Cambridge, he was starting to write poetry, he started writing poetry fairly young, hum and so he was writing and then… hum… his first volume of poetry had lukewarm reviews… hum.. particularly from the Scottish press and he wrote a response, you know, sort of having a go at all the people who had had a go at him. And that got quite a lot of attention, but the first poem that made him famous, actually came a little bit later, after he'd taken what we might describe as a gap year now, but was then known as "The Grand Tour" which was the trip that lots of young noblemen took… hum… to better their education, to see great art and antiquities… hum… usually went through they went through France and Italy or that was the focus, Byron went further east… hum… all the way to Albania, and during that time he wrote a poem called "Child Harold's pilgrimage". when he returned, he sort of wrote up these travels and, yeah, that was poem that he says "I awoke to find myself famous" it really felt like overnight success for him that the poem was a huge hit.

Ellie Cawthorne: Well, can you tell us about "Child Harold's pilgrimage", why was it such a hit?

Corin Throsby: It's funnily enough, for a modern reader it's not the easiest read, there's a lot of description of Countryside, but if you imagine British readers at the time who most, by far, you know, the most of whom had not been to the continent had certainly not been to the east to Turkey, and to Albania. So he was feeding an appetite for travel literature as much as anything else and wanting to know about places abroad, hum… but more than that he created this figure of child Harold, which many took as a thinly failed description of himself as this brooding misunderstood dark nobleman and people really responded to this character, and he this was the character that he would then go on to recreate in his next poems. You know he was onto a good thing with this character and he sort of repurposed it in various ways through his next poems which are known as the Turkish Tales, where again we see this sort of dark misunderstood brooding nobleman, that you know, has a great true love and sort of loves deeply, but you know is scorned by society.

LORD Byron: life of the week. minuto 7 e 0 0 até 9 e 50$\text{min}7\text{∶}00\text{-}9\text{∶}50$. History Extra podcast, Apr. 20^th, 2024. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/dcncgv. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 17 Track 39

[…]

Host: I grew up in a world where a woman who looks like me with my kind of skin and my kind of hair was never considered beautiful, I think it is time that stops today. Growing up in South Africa what were the messages that were sent about the standards of beauty and what was considered beautiful?.

Zozibini Tunzi: You know, I think it's just opening up a magazine, paging through it and not seeing women who look like me, switching on TV and not seeing women who look like me so I think there was just a lack of representation growing up whenever they mentioned beautiful women. I never really you know picked up on women who, who looked like me and I think I just really grew up in a society where colorism was such a big issue and you know the furthest you are away from light-skinned the furthest away you are from beauty and so I felt it was so important for me to say that because I knew there were women who related to it and I knew and more especially that there were little girls as well who you know would relate to it and it was such a special moment for me because I really wanted to get that message across

Host: And in fact during the competition you were advised to wear a wig, you chose not to take that advice, can you talk about why?

Zozibini Tunzi I did get a lot of advices because then you say you're gonna do I was gonna do my Miss South Africa at first and people said "oh are you gonna put on you know artificial hair" and I at first I was questioning why people would ask me this and then I realize it's because my kind of hair has never really been a standard of beauty

Host: Natural hair is not something you see in a beauty pageant.

Zozibini Tunzi: Natural hair, you know with it's on beauty pageants or, you know any other beauty platform for that matter and it was so important for me to keep this hair because if I changed it then it would mean I believe that my hair is not worthy enough to be called you know beautiful […]

Zozibini Tunzi makes history as one of five black women concurrently crowned in top beauty pageant… minuto 0 e 33 até 2 e 21$\text{min}0\text{∶}33\text{-}2\text{∶}21$. CBS News, Dec. 16^th, 2019. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/1hy2vk. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 18 Track 40

When we are little, we are often asked the question "what do you want to be when you grow older?", and as a child, the answer is usually something like "an astronaut" or a "firefighter".

Still, when it's time to make that decision in your late teens, or even adult years, it can be extremely hard to find the answer.

To help you come to the right conclusion and avoid a life slumped over a desk, here's seven steps that you should follow when trying to find your ideal career path.

Number 1. Make a list of your hobbies.

To enjoy what you do for the majority of the day, it's essential to find a job that you love. So the best place to start is with your hobbies. What are your passionate about? What would make you get out of bed on a cold wintery morning to go to work? While your passion might not be your forte, it's a good starting point to help you figure out what career you want to pursue.

HOW to Choose the Right Career Path in 7 Simple Steps. minuto 0 e 0 0 até 1 e 0 1$\text{min}0\text{∶}00\text{-}1\text{∶}01$. CareerAddict, Feb. 17^th, 2021. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/ff77hm. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 18 Track 41

Host: I'm curious though, you mentioned you had heard of Syracuse before coming to campus. What was that interaction like? What were some of the exposures that you had to this University before coming here?

Adya Parida: So I wasn't able to visit any of the colleges that I applied to, but I would go like I would look at different websites that have like, basically I was looking for engineering colleges and Syracuse came up in the list and then I would go to the website I would look at like the majors offered then the different courses within the major that is offered, then I also looked at the clubs on campus. So basically I did my own research in a sense that I just went like, once I heard about a university I just went to their website and tried to do my own research… hum… and tried to see if it has the things that I'm looking for, so yeah that's how I got to know and also I think my dad's one of my dad's friends had studied here at some point like so my dad had heard of it and when I told him okay I was looking I was looking at this University said "oh okay, my friend studied that too", so, ok, that's cool, then I look into even more.

Host: I want to go back to the part about engineering and computer science. Obviously you know you've had great success here at Syracuse studying computer science. Where did that interest in computer science come from, like, was there a light bulb moment when you said "ah-ha, this is what I want to study"?

Adya Parida: For me, it wasn't like a light bulb moment like I was going on one track and then I completely switched tracks, it kind of was, it kind of built up. It was like, I could see myself doing something doing in stem like since I was like in grade six or seven I was always interested in math I love math and science and I first got introduced to coding when I was like about 13 or 14, like my brother is a computer engineer and he also got me interested… hum… and ever since I saw that I could actually apply those math and science skills into a computer program and I can see like real tangible results, like I can actually see those skills applied so I thought this is a fantastic field to be in and it's exciting and there's a lot that you can do within it and it's growing, so I thought yeah why not so it wasn't really like a light bulb moment, I kind of expected it all along and, yeah, when the time came, I chose it.

HOW three international students found success and community at Syracuse University. minuto 4 e 48 até 7 e 13$\text{min}4\text{∶}48\text{-}7\text{∶}13$. Cuse conversations, Mar. 29^th, 2023. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/08tii2. Accessed on: Sept. 25^th, 2024.

Unit 18 Track 42

1. Listen and repeat.

a ) My father is a physical therapist.

b ) That woman works at the theater.

c ) Together we gave thanks.

d ) The weather was terrible today. It was rainy with thunder and lightning.