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UNIT 16
A DROP OF INK MAY MAKE A MILLION THINK
A expressão a drop of ink may make a million think significa que a palavra escrita e impressa pode influenciar pessoas e levá-las a refletir sobre determinadas ideias.
Thousands of people started a campaign against pollution after the local newspaper published an article about the air quality. You know: a drop of ink may make a million think.
1. Pensando na expressão a drop of ink may make a million think, converse com os colegas e o professor sobre as perguntas a seguir.
a ) Você consegue pensar em alguma situação na qual muitas pessoas foram influenciadas por ideias publicadas na mídia? Qual?
b ) Qual foi o impacto disso na vida das pessoas?
Respostas pessoais.
Exchanging ideas
Agora, você vai conversar com o colega mais próximo sobre as questões a seguir. Virem-se um para o outro, ouçam as orientações do professor e iniciem a conversa.
1. O filme representado na imagem conta a história de uma redação de jornal. Como você imagina que seja o funcionamento desse local?
2. Para você, como os meios de comunicação influenciam as pessoas e as atitudes delas?
3. Em sua opinião, as mídias de massa, como televisão, rádio, revista e jornal impresso, continuam tendo o mesmo destaque depois que a internet e as redes sociais se popularizaram? Explique sua resposta.
Professor, professora: Respostas e comentários nas Orientações para o professor.
Nesta unidade, você terá como objetivos:
- refletir e conversar sobre mídias de massa e mídias sociais;
- ler e compreender uma notícia;
- ouvir e compreender um trecho de uma entrevista;
- compreender e utilizar os relative pronouns e as relative clauses;
- conversar sobre uma notícia e expressar opinião a seu respeito;
- escrever uma notícia.
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Warming up
Mass media and social media
1. Leia a seguir um artigo sobre a influência da mídia de massa na sociedade e responda às questões.
Mass Media and its influence on society
By M. A Mughal.
[…]
People need news/information for various reasons, on one hand it can be used to socialize and on the other to make decisions and formulate opinions. Entertainment would be the other function of the mass media where it is mostly used by the masses to amuse✚ them in present day hectic✚ environment. Educating the masses about their rights, moral, social and religious obligations is another important function of mass media, which needs no emphasis.
In the present era of globalization, the majority of people in the society depend on information and communication to remain connected with the world and do our daily activities like work, entertainment, health care, education, socialization, travelling and anything else that we have to do.
A common urban person usually wakes up in the morning, checks the TV news or newspaper, goes to work, makes a few phone calls, eats with their family or peers✚ when possible and makes decisions based on the information that they have either from their coworkers, TV news, friends, family, financial reports, etc. We need to be conscious of the reality that most of our decisions, beliefs and values are based on what we know for a fact, our assumptions✚ and our own experience. […]
MUGHAL, M. A. Mass media and its influence on society. The Daily Journalist. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/moksrk. Accessed on: Aug. 6th, 2024.
a ) What are the functions of news or information in people's lives?
I ) News and information allow people to socialize, to make decisions, to formulate opinions, to educate the masses and to be entertained.
II ) News and information are used to educate children about their rights, moral, social and religious obligations.
Resposta: Alternativa I.
b ) Why do the majority of people depend on information?
I ) People depend on information to learn communication skills and practice socialization.
II ) People depend on information to be connected with the world and do daily activities like work, entertainment, education, socialization etc.
Resposta: Alternativa II.
c ) According to the text, how do people make decisions?
I ) They often make decisions based on the news, on conversations with friends and family, or on their beliefs, values, assumptions and experience.
II ) They often make decisions based on their imagination or previous notions of events and concepts.
Resposta: Alternativa I.
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2. Em sua opinião, de que maneira a mídia pode auxiliar o dia a dia das pessoas em sua região? Comente com seus colegas.
Resposta pessoal. Oriente os estudantes a refletir sobre a mídia como uma maneira de se manter informado sobre acontecimentos locais e mundiais, além de ser uma fonte de informações pontuais que podem ajudar o dia a dia das pessoas, como quando elas são alertadas sobre trânsito em suas cidades, sobre cuidados relacionados a mudanças climáticas ou quando precisam saber a programação cultural.
3. Para você, em que momento a influência da mídia passa a ser excessiva na vida das pessoas e de que maneira podemos lidar com esse problema?
Resposta pessoal. Comentários nas Orientações para o professor.
Learning vocabulary
1. Por qual destas fontes vocês costuma se informar? Por quê? Comente com um colega.
News websites
TV news
Radio news
Newspaper
Magazines
Social media
Resposta pessoal. Peça aos estudantes que compartilhem com um colega suas principais fontes de informação.
2. Analise as imagens a seguir.
a ) Qual desses meios você mais utiliza para se informar?
Resposta pessoal. Incentive os estudantes a compartilhar suas preferências e a explicar o porquê dessas escolhas.
b ) Além desses meios, como você costuma se atualizar a respeito das notícias?
Resposta pessoal. Se julgar pertinente, promova uma conversa com a turma sobre o uso das redes sociais como fontes de informação.
c ) Escreva uma frase descrevendo como você se informa, justificando sua escolha. Confira os exemplos a seguir.
I prefer to read online news, because…
In my opinion, it is better to watch the news on TV, because…
Resposta pessoal. Auxilie os estudantes a estruturar as frases que vão escrever. Se necessário, oriente-os a utilizar um dicionário.
Reading
News
Pre-reading
1. How much time do you spend in front of screens daily? Talk about it with a classmate.
Resposta pessoal. Explique aos estudantes que a resposta pode ser aproximada, pois pode ser difícil saber o tempo exato.
2. In your opinion, what are the positive and negative points of smartphones and computers?
Resposta pessoal. Ajude os estudantes a listar as vantagens e desvantagens de usar smartphones e computadores. Eles podem começar citando os sites ou aplicativos que mais utilizam.
3. Read the title of text of the the next page. Why do you think that Australian parents and carers are concerned about social media? Talk to a classmate.
Resposta pessoal. O objetivo desta atividade é propor aos estudantes que levantem hipóteses sobre o texto que vão ler.
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While reading
1. Read the text and check if your answer to the previous activity is correct.
'Out of control': 60% of Australian parents and carers surveyed say social media is their biggest concern for kids
Experts say algorithm-based feeds are damaging young people's interpersonal skills and contributing to anxiety and depression
[…]
Almost 60% of parents and carers are worried about how social media affects their teens' mental health and wellbeing, according to a new report.
Answering open-ended✚ questions about their concerns for their children's wellbeing, parents and carers chose social media as a top issue of concern more frequently than any other issue (35%) in a survey by the mental health service ReachOut.
In a nationally representative survey of 631 parents and carers living in Australia and caring for 921 young people aged 12 to 18, which was carried out in April 2023, 59% said their teens' social media use was of concern.
Of those who expressed concern, more than one in two (55%) said it had a significant impact on the wellbeing of the teenagers they care for.
The findings from the report Parenting in the Digital Age, released on Monday, are contrasted with a previous ReachOut study, which showed young people were less likely to be concerned about social media use than their parents.
The study, released last year, asked young people about their concerns and showed 34% of young people thought social media was an issue of concern.
The interim✚ chief executive at ReachOut, Jackie Hallan, said parents had four key concerns in the area: the amount of time young people were spending on social media, the safety of platforms, the limited parental controls and the type of content that the young people were accessing.
[…]
Dr Rachael Sharman, a senior lecturer✚ in psychology at the University of the Sunshine Coast, said the survey's findings have been reflected in research "time and time again but it is interesting to hear that even the parents now are noticing this at the coalface✚".
Sharman said there has been a rise of what researchers are now referring to as "autism-like symptoms… poor emotion recognition and poor interest in humans, full stop."
A study that tracked 80,000 mother and child pairs in Japan across several years found a clear link between screen time and diminished✚ social skill development, Sharman said. "If we fast forward✚ to adolescence, what we're definitely seeing is the rise and rise of teenagers with absolutely poorer emotion recognition", she said.
Young people's interpersonal skills were being further✚ damaged by social media algorithms, which deliberately fed✚ their own opinions back to them and prevented them from encountering views different to their own.
"This is where we're seeing people fall apart", Sharman said. "We're seeing teenagers in particular respond with anxiety when they see information or a viewpoint that is not their own."
Hallan recommended that parents and carers should check in with their teenagers about their social media use. She said choosing an environment like going for a walk or a drive for that conversation could be less challenging than sitting down face to face.
[…]
MAY, Natasha. 'Out of control': 60% of Australian parents and carers surveyed say social media is their biggest concern for kids. The Guardian, Feb. 18th, 2024. Available at: https://s.livro.pro/jtrnwi. Accessed on: Aug. 28th, 2024.
Resposta pessoal. Após a leitura, oriente os estudantes a retomar as hipóteses levantadas anteriormente.
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2. Read the text again and complete the following sentences.
a ) This text is ■
I ) a news report about something relevant to society.
II ) an opinion article about an experience lived by the author.
Resposta: Alternativa I.
b ) The target audience of the text is ■
I ) young people.
II ) the general public.
Resposta: Alternativa II.
c ) The purpose of the text is ■
I ) to inform people.
II ) to encourage people to buy something.
Resposta: Alternativa I.
d ) Experts have warned that algorithm-based feeds are ■
I ) impacting interpersonal relationships and contributing to hypertension and depression.
II ) impacting interpersonal relationships and contributing to anxiety and depression.
Resposta: Alternativa II.
e ) According to the report Parenting in the Digital Age, ■ are less concerned about social media use than their parents.
I ) carers and experts
II ) young people
Resposta: Alternativa II.
3. Read the sentences and identify if they are true or false. Then, correct the false ones.
a ) One of the problems mentioned in the text is the amount of time young people spend on social media.
Resposta: True.
b ) According to the text, parents think that social media doesn't have a significant impact on the well-being of the teenagers they care for.
Resposta: False. Parents think that social media has a significant impact on the wellbeing of the teenagers they care for.
c ) A study in Japan across several years found a clear link between free-time activities and diminished social skill development.
Resposta: False. A study in Japan across several years found a clear link between screen time and diminished social skill development.
d ) According to the text, young people's interpersonal skills are being damaged by social media algorithms.
Resposta: True.
4. Read the following extract from the text.
[…] Sharman said. "If we fast forward to adolescence, what we're definitely seeing is the rise and rise of teenagers with absolutely poorer emotion recognition" […]
Now, identify the sentence that explains what Sharman said.
a ) To Sharman, teens are too fast, because they spend excessive time on social media.
b ) Parents and carers are tired of dealing with teens who have poor emotion recognition.
c ) Sharman means to warn parents that teens should not have access to smartphones.
d ) Sharman means that teenagers are having increasing difficulties recognizing emotions.
Resposta: Alternativa d.
Post-reading
1. Why are parents concerned about the safety of platforms and the limited parental controls and the type of content that the young people access? Explain in your own words.
Resposta pessoal. Se necessário, oriente os estudantes a primeiro discutir a questão em duplas e, depois, compartilhar suas respostas com a turma.
2. Why is it important to verify the veracity of information published and shared on social media?
Resposta: Because wrong or fake information can impact many lives and influence what people think or do with this information.
3. Do some research on effective strategies for people to make balanced use of social media, take responsibility for what they are sharing and combat the spread of fake news. Take notes and talk to a classmate about what you found out.
Resposta pessoal. Comentários nas Orientações para o professor.
4. How was your understanding of the news? Talk about it with your teacher and classmates.
Resposta pessoal. Comentários nas Orientações para o professor.
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Listening
Interview
Pre-listening
1. Discuss the following questions with a classmate.
a ) What makes a book become a classic?
Possível resposta: A book becomes a classic when it resonates across generations, offering universal themes, profound insights and enduring relevance.
b ) Which books and authors are considered classics in Brazil and around the world? Do some research.
Possíveis respostas: Brazilian authors: Machado de Assis, Clarice Lispector, Graciliano Ramos, Lima Barreto, Guimarães Rosa, José de Alencar, Lygia Fagundes Telles, Rachel de Queiroz, Jorge Amado, João Cabral de Melo Neto and Monteiro Lobato. Foreign authors: Charles Dickens, Jane Austen, Mark Twain, William Shakespeare, James Joyce, Agatha Christie, Miguel de Cervantes and Franz Kafka.
c ) What do you know about the Brazilian writer Machado de Assis? Write down your notes and share them with your classmates.
Resposta pessoal. Ao falarem o que sabem sobre o escritor, os estudantes terão a oportunidade de aprender uns com os outros, compartilhando conhecimentos entre eles.
While listening
1. 
Track 36 Listen to the interview
with professor Jackson and complete the following sentences.
a ) Machado de Assis is Brazil's ■ and all of Latin America's ■.
Resposta: greatest writer; greatest writer.
b ) Machado de Assis had a very long ■.
Resposta: literary life.
c ) He wrote ■, translated plays, was very active in ■ and, in the last 30 years of his life, he produced the ■ for which he is most known.
Resposta: journalism; Rio de Janeiro; novels and short stories.
d ) He was a ■. He became the preeminent ■ of his time.
Resposta: man of letters; man of letters.
e ) He translated ■ and ■.
Resposta: Victor Hugo; Shakespeare.
f ) His novels are considered some of the greatest novels of the end of the ■.
Resposta: 19th century.
Tip
Em inglês, utilizamos a palavra professor quando nos referimos a alguém que leciona em uma universidade. David Jackson, por exemplo, é apresentado no áudio como a professor of Portuguese at Yale University.
2. Answer the following questions according to what you remember from the interview. If necessary, listen to it again.
a ) What is the name of professor Jackson's book?
Resposta: The book is entitled Machado de Assis: A Literary Life.
b ) Is Machado de Assis the professor's only interest?
Resposta: No. Professor Jackson is also interested in Portuguese and Brazilian literature, Camões, Machado de Assis, Fernando Pessoa, modernist, vanguardist, and inter-arts literature, Portuguese culture in Asia and ethnomusicology.
c ) What was professor Jackson's goal in writing a book about Machado de Assis?
Resposta: It was to promote and present Machado de Assis as a great writer of his time.
d ) Did Machado de Assis only write journalism and novels?
Resposta: No, he wrote in many genres, such as novels, short stories, journalism and plays.
Post-listening
1. What did you learn about Machado de Assis from the interview? Compare your notes with the pre-listening activity.
Resposta pessoal. Aproveite para comparar as respostas desta atividade com os conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes no início desta seção.
2. Have you read a book by Machado de Assis in Portuguese? If so, which one? If not, which of his books would you like to read?
Resposta pessoal. Caso algum estudante tenha lido um livro de Machado de Assis, peça-lhe que relate as impressões que teve da obra e de quais trechos mais gostou.
3. In your opinion, how will Machado de Assis remain relevant for future generations?
Resposta pessoal. Peça aos estudantes que pensem na obra do autor, como ela impacta a cultura brasileira e de que forma essas características continuarão relevantes no futuro.
4. How was your understanding of the interview? Talk about it with your teacher and classmates.
Resposta pessoal. Comentários nas Orientações para o professor.
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Comprehending and using
Relative pronouns
1. Releia os seguintes trechos extraídos da notícia lida na página 222 e complete as frases.
A.
In a nationally representative survey of 631 parents and carers living in Australia and caring for 921 young people aged 12 to 18, which was carried out in April 2023, 59% said their teens' social media use was of concern.
B.
The findings from the report Parenting in the Digital Age, released on Monday, are contrasted with a previous ReachOut study, which showed young people were less likely to be concerned about social media use than their parents.
C.
Of those who expressed concerned, more than one in two (55%) said it had a significant impact on the wellbeing of the teenagers they care for.
D.
A study that tracked 80,000 mother and child pairs in Japan across several years found a clear link between screen time and diminished social skill development [...].
a ) No trecho A, o pronome which se refere ■
I ) a adolescentes e suas mídias sociais.
II ) a uma pesquisa representativa com pais e cuidadores na Austrália.
Resposta: Alternativa II.
b ) No trecho B, o pronome which se refere ■
I ) ao estudo prévio ReachOut.
II ) aos pais de adolescentes.
Resposta: Alternativa I.
c ) No trecho C, o pronome who se refere ■
I ) a adolescentes preocupados com seus perfis em redes sociais.
II ) à palavra those, que, por sua vez, remete aos pais e cuidadores.
Resposta: Alternativa II.
d ) No trecho D, o pronome that se refere ■
I ) a um estudo feito no Japão.
II ) à falta de desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais por parte dos adolescentes.
Resposta: Alternativa I.
2. Analise os textos a seguir e identifique a alternativa correta em relação a eles.
A.
The conference room where the media presentations are held is located on the top floor.
B.
I found an old newspaper whose articles provided valuable historical information.
C.
The anchor whom the TV news hired last month is already making a big impact.
a ) Nos contextos A e B, os pronomes where e whose se referem ao local de onde se fala, e no contexto C, o pronome whom se refere a quem se fala.
b ) Nos contextos A e B, os pronomes where e whose se referem a quem se fala, e no contexto C, o pronome whom se refere ao local de onde se fala.
c ) No contexto A, o pronome where se refere à conference room; no contexto B, o pronome whose indica posse e se refere a newspaper; e no contexto C, o pronome whom se refere a anchor.
d ) Em todos os contextos os pronomes empregados se referem ao substantivo usado depois deles.
Resposta: Alternativa c.
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Tip
O relative pronoun whom é utilizado em contextos mais formais, principalmente em textos escritos, e muito raramente em conversas informais. Esse pronome também pode ser usado com preposições (to whom, from whom etc.). Além disso, whom substitui who caso seja o objeto da frase.
Professor, professora: Explique aos estudantes que whom, nessa frase, está sendo utilizado no lugar de who.
The journalist, with whom I wanted to talk, is not here anymore. (I wanted to talk with him/her.)
3. Analise o uso dos pronomes relativos e relacione cada frase com as explicações corretas.
A. The editor that I presented to you works in the biggest newspaper of the city.
B. This is the magazine which I told you about earlier.
C. This is the place where the protests happened.
D. He is the famous journalist whose article about technology I loved.
E. They are the teenagers who started an online newspaper.
I. This pronoun is used to refer to things.
II. This pronoun is used to refer to people and things.
III. This pronoun is used to refer to people or things when indicating possession.
IV. This pronoun is used to refer to people.
V. This pronoun is used to refer to places.
Resposta: A – II; B – I; C – V; D – III; E – IV.
Relative clauses
1. Leia novamente os trechos extraídos do texto da página 222 e identifique a alternativa correta sobre o uso do pronome relativo which.
A.
In a nationally representative survey of 631 parents and carers living in Australia and caring for 921 young people aged 12 to 18, which was carried out in April 2023, 59% said their teens' social media use was of concern.
B.
The findings from the report Parenting in the Digital Age, released on Monday, are contrasted with a previous ReachOut study, which showed young people were less likely to be concerned about social media use than their parents.
a ) No trecho A, which inicia uma frase com informação extra, que pode ser excluída do texto sem alteração de sentido no contexto; no trecho B, which inicia uma frase com informação essencial para o sentido completo do texto.
b ) No trecho A, which inicia uma frase com informação essencial para o sentido completo do texto; no trecho B, which inicia uma frase com informação extra que pode ser excluída do texto sem alteração de sentido no texto.
Resposta: Alternativa a.
Tip
Os relative pronouns são utilizados para introduzir as relative clauses (conhecidas como defining relative clauses), que em inglês são usadas para apresentar informações sobre algo, alguém ou alguma situação. Dessa forma, fica mais fácil saber a que ou a quem estamos nos referindo.
- Johannes Gutenberg is the man who/that invented the printing press.
- This is the local newspaper which I told you about.
Também utilizamos relative clauses (conhecidas como non-defining relative clauses) para dar informações extras sobre quem, do que ou de qual situação estamos falando. Ela sempre está entre vírgulas.
- Bárbara, who is my best friend, wants to be a famous newspaper editor.
- The magazine, which I've read, is still in my bag and I can lend it to you.
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2. Leia as frases e indique quais são verdadeiras e quais são falsas de acordo com o texto. Em seguida, corrija as falsas.
a ) Relative clauses are not used to describe someone or something.
Resposta: False. Relative clauses are used to describe someone or something.
b ) Non-defining relative clauses are used to give more details and information in a sentence.
Resposta: True.
c ) When the information is additional in the sentence, we use commas before and after this information.
Resposta: True.
d ) When the information is necessary in a sentence, this is called a defining relative clause.
Resposta: True.
e ) Sometimes, it's possible to omit the relative pronouns without losing the meaning in the sentence.
Resposta: True.
3. Leia as frases a seguir e reescreva-as utilizando os pronomes relativos that, who, whose ou which.
a ) This is Mr. Klein. His articles are about national sports.
Resposta: This is Mr. Klein, whose articles are about national sports.
b ) That is the place. We buy our newspaper at that place.
Resposta: That is the place where we buy our newspaper.
c ) She is the journalist. She won The Pulitzer Prize last year.
Resposta: She is the journalist who won The Pulitzer Prize last year.
d ) His book was published last semester. It is a best seller.
Resposta: His book, which was published last semester, is a best seller.
e ) That man is a journalist. I told you about him.
Resposta: I told you about that man, who is a journalist./That man is the journalist who I told you about.
Activities
1. Read the following sentences and write the best option to complete each one of them.
a ) The magazine ■ Carol bought doesn't have the article she wants to read.
I ) The words that/which are the best option to complete the sentence because they are used to refer to things. In this sentence, that/which can be omitted without changing the message.
II ) The word who is the best option to complete the sentence because it is used to refer to people.
Resposta: Alternativa I.
b ) The newspaper ■ I used to read every morning will have only a digital version next year.
I ) The word who is the best option to complete the sentence because it can be used to people.
II ) The words which or that can be used to complete the sentence because they refer to things.
Resposta: Alternativa II.
c ) I met a neighbor ■ son went to the USA to work for an influential magazine.
I ) The word whose is the best option to complete the sentence because it indicates possession; in other words, it refers to the neighbor's son.
II ) The word where can be used to complete the sentence because it indicates the location where the person is studying.
Resposta: Alternativa I.
2. Complete each sentence below. Then, read your sentences to your teacher and classmates.
I think it's important to read news that ■
I read some fake news which ■
Resposta pessoal. Incentive os estudantes a elaborar as frases e, se necessário, a consultar um dicionário para formulá-las.
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Tip
Lembre-se de que, em relative clauses, utilizam-se os relative pronouns who/which/that para substituir he, she, it e they.
3. Match the sections of newspapers and magazines with their descriptions.
A. Politics
B. Sports
C. International
D. Weather
E. Obituary
F. Classified ADS
G. Economy
H. Opinion
I. Culture and Entertainment
J. Reader Letters
I. Report information on markets, finance and business.
II. Inform the public about the deaths of individuals. Usually includes information such as the person's name, age, date of passing and information about memorial services.
III. Present news from around the world.
IV. Offers reviews of films, books, and shows.
V. Focuses on analysis and coverage of government and elections. Usually covers both local and international issues.
VI. Sections where readers can submit their own opinions, feedback and responses to articles or issues covered in the paper.
VII. Provides information about current and forecasted weather conditions. Usually presents temperature, precipitation chances, humidity, wind speed and significant weather events.
VIII. Dedicated to expressing viewpoints and commentary on various topics, including current events, politics, social issues and cultural matters.
IX. Publish results, analyses, and news related to matches and competitions.
X. Space for individuals and businesses to post short advertisements, like job listings, real estate sales or rentals, personal ads, services offered (like tutoring or repairs) and items for sale.
Resposta: A – V; B – IX; C – III; D – VII; E – II; F – X; G – I; H – VIII; I – IV; J – VI.
4. Read and complete the sentences below about the newspaper and magazine sections using the correct relative pronoun.
a ) I checked the newspaper's weather forecast section and saw (that/who) today is a perfect day to head to the beach.
Resposta: that.
b ) People (who/which) are looking for a job read the classified ads from the newspaper.
Resposta: who.
c ) The obituary, (which/who) advertises somebody's death, it is a useful section to read and reflect about life experiences.
Resposta: which.
d ) The sports section is the part of the newspaper (where/who) I find information about my favorite soccer team.
Resposta: where.
e ) The international section, (which/who) informs us about the situation abroad, is very helpful if you are interested in other countries and their economy.
Resposta: which.
f ) It is a section (that/who) tells you everything you need to know to invest your money.
Resposta: that.
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Speaking
Talking about some news
1.
Track 37 Listen to an extract from
of the podcast Info Matters, where the host and the guest discuss
the problem of misinformation. Pay attention to what they say and
answer the following questions.
a ) What was the source of information for 90% of Canadians during the covid pandemic? What does this mean?
Resposta: During the covid pandemic, Canadians got their information from social media or messaging apps. And what that means is that they were exposed to vast amounts of information, but also vast amounts of misinformation, without mediation, without people helping to guide through what's true and what's not true.
b ) According to the podcast guest, have people lost their belief in science? What don't they believe in anymore?
Resposta: No, research shows that people haven't really lost trust in the concept of science. What they've lost trust in is the institutions they used to rely on to get scientific information.
2. You and a classmate are going to choose some interesting news about the same fact from different newspapers. To do this, follow the instructions below.
a ) First, decide what topic you are going to talk about (you can choose something about sport, culture, technology etc.).
b ) Select one piece of news that appears in two different sources and compare them. Look for similarities or differences in how each newspaper reports the same event.
c ) Take notes and use them for the conversation.
Professor, professora: Leve para a sala de aula diversos jornais publicados no mesmo dia ou acesse diferentes sites jornalísticos. O objetivo é que os estudantes selecionem notícias sobre um mesmo acontecimento e que foi reportado por diferentes fontes.
3. Now, use the following questions to guide your conversation and, if necessary, write new questions in your notebook to use during your interaction.
a ) What is the news report about? Explain.
b ) What is your opinion about what you read? Do you agree/disagree with it?
c ) What does this piece of news make you think about? Explain.
Respostas pessoais. Incentive os estudantes a responder em inglês às perguntas e, se necessário, auxilie-os na pronúncia das palavras.
4. Now, start your conversation. Try to incorporate relative pronouns (who, which, that) and relative clauses to expand your sentences and make your speech more detailed. For example:
- The news report, which I found in this newspaper, explains that...
- The journalist, who wrote the article, argues that...
During the interaction, you can use the following sentences to explain your point of view about the piece of news and compare it with your classmate's.
- I believe that...
- The news report is about...
- I agree/disagree that...
- This piece of news made me think about…
- In my point of view...
- To my knowledge...
- As far as I know...
Professor, professora: Auxilie os estudantes durante a produção oral. Comentários nas Orientações para o professor.
5. After the conversation with your classmate, answer the following questions.
a ) How was it for you to talk about this piece of news? Was it easy or difficult to express your thoughts?
Resposta pessoal. Promova um ambiente acolhedor para que os estudantes compartilhem suas experiências.
b ) Do you notice the differences between newspapers and how information can be presented in different ways? What do you think about this?
Resposta pessoal. Incentive os estudantes a comentar as diferenças nas linguagens e no posicionamento de opinião de cada jornal e de que forma isso demonstra como a informação pode ser subjetiva ou manipulada.
c ) How can you compare what you listened to in activity 1 and the conversation you had?
Resposta pessoal. Comentários nas Orientações para o professor.
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Writing
News
Pre-writing
1. Read the headlines below and talk about them with a classmate.
Transparent creature 'sea walnut' discovered that ages in reverse
Available at: https://s.livro.pro/rc2l28. Accessed on: Sept. 5th, 2024.
Taylor Swift fans sent into frenzy over mystery book
Available at: https://s.livro.pro/ejpswr. Accessed on: Sept. 5th, 2024.
a ) Which headline caught your attention more? Why?
Resposta pessoal. Se possível, acesse a internet com os estudantes para que possam ler as notícias na íntegra e falar o que acharam de cada uma delas. Caso isso não seja possível, leve para a sala de aula algumas cópias dos textos para que eles possam lê-los e opinar sobre cada um.
b ) If you were a journalist, which topics would you like to write about: sport, tourism, technology, culture? Why?
Resposta pessoal. Aproveite esta atividade para fazer uma sondagem e verificar quais tópicos mais se destacam entre os estudantes, sobre quem e o que gostariam de escrever.
While writing
1. It is your turn to become a journalist just for one day. You are going to write a news report. To plan your text, think about the following steps.
- What? Write a news report about a topic you like or about something that happened in your city, community etc.
- Why? To draw people's attention to a piece of news that you consider interesting or important.
- How? Writing a short and eye-catching headline and a news report with proper grammar and vocabulary.
- To whom? To the other students of your classroom and school.
- Where? You can post your text in your classroom or school's mural or make a newspaper to expose it in your school library.
2. Now write the first version of your text following these instructions.
a ) Collect the information you need and make sure it is not fake news. Then, write about the topic you chose to present it to the readers.
b ) Think about the language you should use. Remember your headline and your text need to be clear and easy to understand.
c ) Write a draft of your text and exchange it with another student. Give feedback to one another.
d ) Show your draft to your teacher so that he/she can make some suggestions too.
3. Write the final version of your news report and, with your classmates, organize all the productions in the school's mural or make a newspaper with them.
Tip
Lembre-se: ao escrever sua notícia, você deve considerar o público-alvo, o objetivo do texto, se deve ser formal ou informal, a imagem que será utilizada para ilustrá-lo etc.
Professor, professora: Auxilie os estudantes durante a produção escrita. Comentários nas Orientações para o professor.
Post-writing
1. Read your classmates' texts and answer these questions.
a ) Which news report called your attention the most? Why?
Resposta pessoal. Aproveite e pergunte aos estudantes se eles se interessariam em ler as notícias apresentadas nas manchetes que eles produziram.
b ) What was the easiest and the most difficult part of this activity? Explain.
Resposta pessoal. Comentários nas Orientações para o professor.
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Summing up
Let's think about the topics you studied in this unit. List the main points studied in each topic below. Then, talk to a classmate and compare notes. Finally, share your notes with the whole class.
In this unit I…
- talked to my classmates about mass media and social media;
- read a news report about parents concern with their teens and social media contents;
- listened to part of an interview about a Brazilian writer;
- studied relative pronouns;
- studied relative clauses;
- talked to my classmates about a piece of news;
- wrote a news report about a topic I like.
Respostas pessoais. Comentários nas Orientações para o professor.
What can I do to improve my English?
- Go back to the topics that I need to improve and ask for help from my teacher or classmates to understand them.
- Read international newspapers from different countries about topics that I like.
- Listen to podcasts about the latest news.
- Read curiosities about actors, singers, writers and athletes that I like, making sure to check if the information is not fake news.
Going further
The teenage guide to life online is a book not only for teens, but also for teachers and families because it presents to the readers the pros and cons of life in the digital area, exploring information about the growth of social media and other topics related to technologies.
MORGAN, Nicola. The teenage guide to life online. London: Walker Books, 2018.
The book The Social Media Age offers a critical analysis of the impact of social media on contemporary society. It addresses topics such as privacy, ethics, and the way social media shapes the identity of young people and influences society.
HURLEY, Zoe. The social media age. London: Sage Publications, 2022.
The film Official Secrets portrays an intelligence agent who leaks classified information from the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and reveals a plot to spy on diplomats before the invasion of Iraq in 2003. This production focuses on issues of ethics, government and press freedom.
OFFICIAL Secrets, by Gavin Hood. United Kingdom: Entertainment One, 2019 (112 minutos).
The Post is a movie, based on a true story, about journalists of famous newspapers who discover documents with secret information regarding the involvement of the United States government in the Vietnam War.
THE POST, by Steven Spielberg. United States: Dreamworks, 2017 (115 minutos).
